![]() If you take the example 192.168.123.132 and divide it into these two parts, you get 192.168.123. The first part of an IP address is used as a network address, the last part as a host address. ![]() After the packet is delivered to the destination's network, the packet is delivered to the appropriate host.įor this process to work, an IP address has two parts. Routers only know what network the host is a member of and use information stored in their route table to determine how to get the packet to the destination host's network. The decimal numbers separated by periods are the octets converted from binary to decimal notation.įor a TCP/IP wide area network (WAN) to work efficiently as a collection of networks, the routers that pass packets of data between networks don't know the exact location of a host for which a packet of information is destined. This number only makes a little more sense, so for most uses, convert the binary address into dotted-decimal format (192.168.123.132). These 8-bit sections are known as octets. This number may be hard to make sense of, so divide it into four parts of eight binary digits. To understand how subnet masks are used to distinguish between hosts, networks, and subnetworks, examine an IP address in binary notation.įor example, the dotted-decimal IP address 192.168.123.132 is (in binary notation) the 32-bit number 110000000101000111101110000100. IP addresses are normally expressed in dotted-decimal format, with four numbers separated by periods, such as 192.168.123.132. It uniquely identifies a host (computer or other device, such as a printer or router) on a TCP/IP network. IP addresses: Networks and hostsĪn IP address is a 32-bit number. ![]() To better understand how IP addresses and subnet masks work, look at an IP address and see how it's organized. One part identifies the host (computer), the other part identifies the network to which it belongs. A subnet mask is used to divide an IP address into two parts. Each of them can be divided into smaller subnetworks by system administrators. These networks are arbitrarily defined into three main classes (along with a few others) that have predefined sizes. The success of TCP/IP as the network protocol of the Internet is largely because of its ability to connect together networks of different sizes and systems of different types. To configure TCP/IP correctly, it's necessary to understand how TCP/IP networks are addressed and divided into networks and subnetworks. When you configure the TCP/IP protocol on a Windows computer, the TCP/IP configuration settings require: A glossary is included at the end of article.Īpplies to: Windows 10 - all editions Original KB number: 164015 Summary It not only calculates the required fields but also pops out a window that draws the bit pattern and explains the results.This article is intended as a general introduction to the concepts of Internet Protocol (IP) networks and subnetting. With Windows 2000 and beyond Subnetting you do not have to do that anymore.īTW, if you need to calculate Subnet Masks and Network IDs and you can’t do it yourself (Duh, “Paper MCSE” or not?) you should try this fantastic Subnet Calculator right here: the result would have been 240 instead of 224. ![]() If you wanted 8 subnets, you had to calculate like you wanted 10, i.e. For example, if you wanted 2 subnets, you had to figure the number you wanted plus 2 – calculate like you wanted 4, i.e. Note: In Windows NT 4.0 you had to subtract 2 from the total number of available subnets. Only in Class C networks does the N value remain the same. In a Class B network instead of saying 5 (for example again, duh!) you must say 5+8. Therefore in a Class A network instead of saying 7 (for example) you must say 7+8+8. N=Number of Non-masked bits – Remember that in Class A and B networks you have other octets besides the one you’re subnetting. The table deals with Subnetting of only one octet. Use this table to help you calculate Subnet Masks, available hosts per subnet or number of subnets per class.
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